In the center of the horizontally-oriented painting are a male lightly embracing and a female in historical costumes resembling characters from the Bible. Despite the intimacy of their gesture, they look at the viewer. A woman who wears a luxurious red dress stands with her wrists and neck draped in pearls. The fingers of her left hand gently rest on his in a touching, protective gesture. A man dressed in a vertically pleated garment over a shirt in shades of gold and brown stands to her right. His left arm around is around her shoulders and his right-hand lies on her breasts. The background is almost empty, showing only a few architectural forms and a potted plant.

For the painting, The Jewish Bride Rembrandt van Rijn uses only two basic colors, the green-gold color of a man's luxurious uniform, full on a prominent sleeve, muted elsewhere, and the red-orange color of a woman's dress, interspersed with subtle details on the vest. The background is barely indicated in shades of dark, mottled brown, and has a small definition. The paint is applied very roughly in lumps and flakes.

Rembrandt van Rijn uses the light in the painting The Jewish Bride outside of his painting purposes, as a means of describing the inner state of man and woman. The light source is clear, but it seems to be artificial and warm, maybe a few candles above the figures. The light is reflected by the richly decorated clothes of a man and a woman, whose red dress emphasizes the celebration of the event and hints at affirming the meaning of life.